Initial symptoms in humans of hps manifest as a lowgrade fever, headache, cough. Pathogenesis virology immunopathogenesis acute hiv infection laboratory testing diagnostic evaluation. Free virology books download ebooks online textbooks. Ultrastructural characteristics of sin nombre virus. Sin nombre virus snv is a new world hantavirus bunyaviridae. During 1995 and 1996, major clinical and laboratory discoveries regarding hiv pathogenesis provided new hope for the prevention and treatment of hiv infection. Sin nombre virus pathogenesis in peromyscus maniculatus dale netski, brandolyn h. Sin nombre replicates exclusively in the host cell cytoplasm, with entry thought to. Sin nombre virus snv is the etiological agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps in humans. Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome symptoms, diagnosis. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps, otherwise referred to as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, is an acute respiratory disorder that was described initially in 1993 during an outbreak in the four corners region of the united states. To address the role that viral load plays in pathogenesis in patients with hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome hcps, we quantified sin nombre virus s segment viral rna in plasma samples from 27 acutely ill patients. Sin nombre virus is most closely related to nonpathogenic. In this study we describe the characterization of a novel nonhuman primate model of hps.
Sin nombre virus snv, which belongs to the same genus as the former ones which is hantavirus, is associated with a severe form of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome hcps. Like other hantaviruses, sn virus causes an inapparent chronic infection of the. The most important hantavirus in the united states that can cause hps is the sin nombre virus, spread by the deer mouse. They normally cause infection in rodents, but do not cause disease in them. At present, little is known about the pathogenesis of acute virusinduced shock and pulmonary failure. We have now studied the morphologic features of the causative agent, sin nombre virus snv, by thin section electron microscopy and immunoelectron. Humans may become infected with hantaviruses through contact with.
Transmission ecology of sin nombre hantavirus in naturally. Ultrastructural characteristics of sin nombre virus, causative agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. This note displays 22 virus images such as vertebrate virus families such as bunyamwera virus, coronaviruses, ebola virus, eastern equine encephalitis virus, coronaviruses, herpes simplex virus, human adenovirus, human rotavirus, influenza virus, lacrosse virus, lassa virus, marburg virus, poliovirus, rabies virus, rift valley fever virus, ross river virus, scrapie. Induction of innate immune response genes by sin nombre. Sin nombre virus pathogenesis in peromyscus maniculatus core. Vascular leakage is evident in severe hantavirus infections, and increased permeability contributes to the. Treanor md, in murray and nadels textbook of respiratory medicine sixth edition, 2016. Orthohantavirus is a genus of singlestranded, enveloped, negativesense rna viruses in the family hantaviridae of the order bunyavirales. Hantavirus that is an important etiological agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome hcps, a recently rec. A previously unrecognized disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, was described following an outbreak of severe, often lethal, pulmonary illness in the southwestern united states in mayjune, 1993. The fundamental role of endothelial cells in hantavirus. In a study on sin nombre virus snv in wild deer mice, safronetz et. Members of this genus may be called orthohantaviruses or simply hantaviruses. Sin nombre hantavirus snv, hosted by the north american deermouse peromyscus maniculatus, causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps in north america.
Hantaviruses chronically infect rodents without apparent disease, but when they are spread by aerosolized excreta to humans, two major clinical syndromes result. Presents as a nonspecific viral illness with fever, headache, myalgias, and often prominent. Several novel hantaviruses with unknown pathogenic potential have been identified in a variety of insectivore hosts. Previous studies using experimentally infected deermice were unable to. In north america, sin nombre virus snv is the main cause. A chief impediment in understanding the underlying disease mechanisms and. The rodent vector of sin nombre virus is peromyscus maniculatus, commonly known as the deer.
Sin nombre virus snv, a member of the hantavirus genus, causes acute viral pneumonia in humans and is thought to persistently infect mice. Hantavirus mainly infects human vascular endothelial cells and causes extensive damage in capillaries and small vessels. In this study we describe the characterization of a novel nonhuman primate model of. View abstract cite this article email this article we evaluated titers of homotypic and heterotypic neutralizing antibodies nabs to andes and sin nombre hantaviruses in plasma samples from 20 patients from chile and. Neutralizing antibodies in survivors of sin nombre and andes hantavirus infection pdf 140 kb 3 pages f. A global perspective on hantavirus ecology, epidemiology.
Pathophysiology of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in rhesus. Hantavirus, a genus of rodent and insectivoreborne viruses in the family bunyaviridae, is a group of emerging zoonotic pathogens. With the new hosts, new geographical distributions. Virology columbia university mailman school of public health. Approximately a third of pet fancy rat owners with no apparent history of hantavirus disease were. Volume 12, number 1january 2006 emerging infectious. Both snv and andv infect syrian hamsters, but only andv causes lethal disease. Ultrastructural characteristics of sin nombre virus, causative agent.
Molecular mechanisms underlying marburg and ebola virus. Technological advancements in molecular biology contributed largely to the ability of investigators to rapidly isolate and characterize this newly discovered virus. A coinfection study was performed to determine which virus, snv or andv, would dominate the survival outcome in hamsters. A limitation to understanding the pathogenesis of hps and developing medical countermeasures against this disease is a lack of experimental disease models. Frontiers the fundamental role of endothelial cells in. Pdf ultrastructural characteristics of sin nombre virus, causative. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a rare but often fatal disease caused by infection with new world hantaviruses. Reversal of virusinduced systemic shock and respiratory. Sigmodontinae are the largest group of new world rats and mice and are the hosts of sin nombre virus snv and numerous other viruses that are associated with hps or that lack disease associations.
The deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus, has been identified as the primary reservoir host for snv. Infection of hamsters with snv 1 day before andv challenge. South american hantaviruses, sin nombre virus snv and andes virus andv, respectively, has. In contrast to these early pioneering efforts that led to the discovery of htnv, the etiological agent of hps, sin nombre virus snv was identified within weeks of the four corners outbreak 148, 308. Sin nombre virus pathogenesis in peromyscus maniculatus. It is an enveloped, negativesense, singlestranded rna virus. Sin nombre hantavirus decreases survival of male deer mice. Sin nombre virus snv and andes virus andv cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps in humans. How pathogens affect their hosts is a key question in infectious disease ecology, and it can have important influences on the spread and persistence of the pathogen. Volume 3, number 3september 1997 emerging infectious. Clinically, the disease has become known as the bantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps. Jeor cell and molecular biology program and department of microbiology.
Mahy bwj, peters cj 1995 hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Sin nombre virus noname virus in spanish is a member of the hantavirus genus in the bunyaviridae family, along with several other species, including hantaan, seoul, puumala, and prospect hill. Rapid and specific detection of sin nombre virus antibodies in patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome by a strip immunoblot assay suitable for field diagnosis. Epidemiologic history of rodent infestation in or around the dwelling andor cleaning out of rodentcontaminated enclosed areas are risk factors for hantavirus infection. Pdf a previously unrecognized disease, hantavirus pulmonary. The virus has been isolated from its majorreservoir, the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus,and recently named sin nombre virus.
Hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in man, often with severe consequences. Black creek canal bcc,5 bayou bay,6 and new york ny7 viruses are associated with hps occurring in north america. Infection with sin nombre virus or other agents of hps have relatively long incubation periods median 14 to 17 days. Temporal analysis of andes virus and sin nombre virus. The entire genomic sequence of snv has subsequently been determined by using rna extracted from autopsy material as well as rna extracted from cell cultureadapted virus. Sin nombre viral rna load in patients with hantavirus. Pdf sin nombre virus pathogenesis inperomyscus maniculatus. Sin nombre sn virus is the major etiologic agent of hantavirus pulmonary. How many people have been exposed to seoul virus carried by pet rats is unclear. Sin nombre virus sin nombre virus, shown in figure 2, was the first isolated hantavirus shown to cause hps. The fundamental role of endothelial cells in hantavirus pathogenesis jussi hepojoki, antti vaheri and tomas strandin department ofvirology, haartman institute, university of helsinki, helsinki, finland. Sin nombre virus is a hantavirus endemic in the peromyscus maniculatus. Innate immune responses elicited by sin nombre virus or.
Hantavirus importance disease iowa state university. Most transmission studies in the host were conducted under artificial conditions, or extrapolated information from markrecapture data. Andes virus andv and sin nombre virus snv are rodentborne hantaviruses that cause a highly lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans known as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps. This virus was discovered in new mexico in may of 1993, and was originally termed the muerto canyon virus and the four corners virus. Role of the innate immune response in pathogenesis and host tropism 7.
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